Simulador Online do Exame FUVEST 2023 Prova V: Pratique de Casa

FAMÍLIA
Três meninos e duas meninas,
sendo uma ainda de colo.
A cozinheira preta, a copeira mulata,
o papagaio, o gato, o cachorro,
as galinhas gordas no palmo de horta
e a mulher que trata de tudo.

A espreguiçadeira, a cama, a gangorra,
o cigarro, o trabalho, a reza,
a goiabada na sobremesa de domingo,
o palito nos dentes contentes,
o gramofone rouco toda noite
e a mulher que trata de tudo.

O agiota, o leiteiro, o turco,
o médico uma vez por mês,
o bilhete todas as semanas
branco! mas a esperança sempre verde.
A mulher que trata de tudo
e a felicidade.

Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Alguma poesia

• Quem comprar exatamente 1 kg de arroz paga R$ 5,00.
• Quanto maior for a quantidade que o cliente comprar, maior será o total a pagar.
• Quanto maior for a quantidade que o cliente comprar, menor será o valor por quilo.

(...) “Amaro vaqueiro alimentava-se, nas secas, com sementes
de mucunã lavadas em sete águas, raiz de imbu, miolo de
xiquexique, e de tempos a tempos furtava uma cabra no
chiqueiro e atirava a culpa à suçuarana”.(...)
Graciliano Ramos, Angústia.

“Mas não medimos os tempos que passam, quando os medimos pela sensibilidade. Quem pode medir os tempos passados que já não existem ou os futuros que ainda não chegaram? Só se alguém se atrever a dizer que pode medir o que não existe! Quando está decorrendo o tempo, pode percebê-lo e medi-lo. Quando, porém, já estiver decorrido, não o pode perceber nem medir, porque esse tempo já não existe”.
Santo Agostinho. Confissões.

“Em suma, todos os materiais do pensamento são derivados do nosso sentimento externo e interno. Apenas a mistura e composição destes materiais compete à mente e à vontade. Ou, para me expressar em linguagem filosófica, todas as nossas ideias ou percepções mais fracas são cópias das nossas impressões, ou percepções mais vívidas”.
HUME, David. Investigação sobre o entendimento humano.

From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and
Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they
don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of
the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and
sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener
is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the
dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their
appreciation of a song. But why?

“It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa
Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound
symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the
relationships between utterances and their meaning.
This doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example,
can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in
coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in
branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the
appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a
language. While things like culture and personal experiences
affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she
explained there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale.
“Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds,
while minor scales usually have the slightly darker,
melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.

The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added.
In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our
breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the
sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular
for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play
rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are
also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound
and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude
have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and
even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much
meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these
avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she
added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any
burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then,
to understand music as a discourse between musical
elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in
whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they
listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music,
after all, is the universal language.

1. Os adjuntos adverbiais temporais remetem a um contraste entre passado e presente, o que reforça o caráter metafórico do texto.
2. A locução “apesar de” contribui para a expressão de um sentimento inesperado em relação ao sentido de “muito moço”.
3. As formas verbais “morri” e “morro”, embora se refiram a momentos distintos, apresentam sentido denotativo

O QUINTO IMPÉRIO
Triste de quem vive em casa,
Contente com o seu lar,
Sem que um sonho, no erguer de asa,
Faça até mais rubra a brasa
Da lareira a abandonar!

Triste de quem é feliz!
Vive porque a vida dura.
Nada na alma lhe diz
Mais que a lição da raiz —
Ter por vida a sepultura.

Eras sobre eras se somem
No tempo que em eras vem.
Ser descontente é ser homem.
Que as forças cegas se domem
Pela visão que a alma tem!

E assim, passados os quatro
Tempos do ser que sonhou,
A terra será teatro
Do dia claro, que no atro
Da erma noite começou.

Grécia, Roma, Cristandade,
Europa — os quatro se vão
Para onde vai toda idade.
Quem vem viver a verdade
Que morreu D. Sebastião?
Fernando Pessoa. Mensagem

“Migna terra tê parmeras
Che ganta inzima o sabiá.
As aves che stó aqui,
Tambê tuttos sabi gorgeá.
(...)
Os rio lá sô maise grandi
Dus rio di tuttas naçó;
I os matto si perdi di vista,
Nu meio da imensidó.”
BANANÉRE, Juó. “Migna terra”. La Divina Increnca

The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.

The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges.

We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage.

• \(n_{i,\lambda}\) é o índice de refração da luz de comprimento de onda 𝜆 no meio incidente,
• \(\theta_{i}\) é o ângulo que o raio incidente faz com a reta normal à interface,
• \(n_{r,\lambda}\) é o índice de refração da mesma luz no meio refratado e
• \(\theta_{r}\) é o ângulo que o raio refratado faz com a reta normal à interface.